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Reference


Sulfur
Chemical Properties & Compounds



Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Weight Melting Point Boiling Point Phase Density Classification
S 16 32.065 115.21 444.6 °C Solid 2.067 g/cm3 Non-Metal


16 phosphorus ← sulfur → chlorine
O
↑
S
↓
Se
General
Name, symbol, number sulfur, S, 16
Chemical series nonmetals
Group, period, block 16, 3, p
Appearance lemon yellow brick
Standard atomic weight 32.065(5) g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p4
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 6
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) (alpha) 2.07 g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.) (beta) 1.96 g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.) (gamma) 1.92 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 1.819 g·cm−3
Melting point 388.36 K
(115.21 °C, 239.38 °F)
Boiling point 717.8 K
(444.6 °C, 832.3 °F)
Critical point 1314 K, 20.7 MPa
Heat of fusion (mono) 1.727 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization (mono) 45 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 22.75 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 375 408 449 508 591 717
Atomic properties
Crystal structure orthorhombic
Oxidation states −1, ±2, 4, 6
(strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 2.58 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 999.6 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 2252 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 3357 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 100 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 88 pm
Covalent radius 102 pm
Van der Waals radius 180 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering no data
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) (amorphous)
2×1015Ω·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) (amorphous)
0.205 W·m−1·K−1
Bulk modulus 7.7 GPa
Mohs hardness 2.0
CAS registry number 7704-34-9
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of sulfur
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
32S 95.02% S is stable with 16 neutrons
33S 0.75% S is stable with 17 neutrons
34S 4.21% S is stable with 18 neutrons
35S syn 87.32 d β- 0.167 35Cl
36S 0.02% S is stable with 20 neutrons
References
Sulfur Compounds

Source: Wikipedia article Sulfur


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Last updated: October 2007

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