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Reference


Silicon
Chemical Properties & Compounds



Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Weight Melting Point Boiling Point Phase Density Classification
Si 14 28.0855 1414 °C 3265 °C Solid 2.33 g/cm3 Semi-Metal


14 aluminium ← silicon → phosphorus
C
↑
Si
↓
Ge
General
Name, symbol, number silicon, Si, 14
Chemical series metalloids
Group, period, block 14, 3, p
Appearance as coarse powder,

dark grey with bluish tinge
Standard atomic weight 28.0855(3) g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 4
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 2.33 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 2.57 g·cm−3
Melting point 1687 K
(1414 °C, 2577 °F)
Boiling point 3538 K
(3265 °C, 5909 °F)
Heat of fusion 50.21 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 359 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 19.789 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 1908 2102 2339 2636 3021 3537
Atomic properties
Crystal structure Diamond
Oxidation states 4
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 1.90 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st: 786.5 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1577.1 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 3231.6 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 110 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 111 pm
Covalent radius 111 pm
Van der Waals radius 210 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering nonmagnetic
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 149 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 2.6 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 8433 m/s
Young's modulus 150 GPa
Bulk modulus 100 GPa
Mohs hardness 6.5
CAS registry number 7440-21-3
Band gap energy at 300 K 1.12 eV
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of silicon
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
28Si 92.23% Si is stable with 14 neutrons
29Si 4.67% Si is stable with 15 neutrons
30Si 3.1% Si is stable with 16 neutrons
32Si syn 170 y β- 13.020 32P
References
Silicon Compounds
Silicon carbide

Source: Wikipedia article Silicon


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Last updated: October 2007

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