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Reference


Ruthenium
Chemical Properties & Compounds



Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Weight Melting Point Boiling Point Phase Density Classification
Ru 44 101.07 2334 °C 4150 °C Solid 12.45 g/cm3 Noble Metal


44 technetium ← Ruthenium → rhodium
Fe
↑
Ru
↓
Os
General
Name, Symbol, Number Ruthenium, Ru, 44
Chemical series transition metals
Group, Period, Block 8, 5, d
Appearance silvery white metallic
Standard atomic weight 101.07(2)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Kr] 4d7 5s1
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Physical properties
Density (near r.t.) 12.45  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 10.65  g·cm−3
Melting point 2607 K
(2334 °C, 4233 °F)
Boiling point 4423 K
(4150 °C, 7502 °F)
Heat of fusion 38.59  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 591.6  kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 24.06  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 2588 2811 3087 3424 3845 4388
Atomic properties
Crystal structure hexagonal
Oxidation states 2, 3, 4, 6, 8
(mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 2.2 (scale Pauling)
Ionization energies 1st: 710.2 kJ/mol
2nd: 1620 kJ/mol
3rd: 2747 kJ/mol
Atomic radius 130  pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 178  pm
Covalent radius 126  pm
Miscellaneous
Electrical resistivity (0 °C) 71 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 117  W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 6.4  µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 5970 m/s
Young's modulus 447  GPa
Shear modulus 173  GPa
Bulk modulus 220  GPa
Poisson ratio 0.30
Mohs hardness 6.5
Brinell hardness 2160  MPa
CAS registry number 7440-18-8
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of ruthenium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
96Ru 5.52% Ru is stable with 52 neutrons
97Ru syn 2.9 d ε - 97Tc
γ 0.215, 0.324 -
98Ru 1.88% Ru is stable with 54 neutrons
99Ru 12.7% Ru is stable with 55 neutrons
100Ru 12.6% Ru is stable with 56 neutrons
101Ru 17.0% Ru is stable with 57 neutrons
102Ru 31.6% Ru is stable with 58 neutrons
103Ru syn 39.26 d β- 0.226 103Rh
γ 0.497 -
104Ru 18.7% Ru is stable with 60 neutrons
106Ru syn 373.59 d β- 0.039 106Rh
References
Ruthenium Compounds

Source: Wikipedia article Ruthenium


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Last updated: October 2007

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