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|
Gold (Aurum)
Chemical Properties & Compounds
| Symbol | Atomic Number | Atomic Weight | Melting Point | Boiling Point | Phase | Density | Classification |
| Au | 79 | 196.966569 | 1064.18 °C | 2856 °C | Solid | 19.3 g/cm3 | Noble Metal |
|
|
|
| General |
| Name, Symbol, Number |
gold, Au, 79 |
| Chemical series |
transition metals |
| Group, Period, Block |
11, 6, d |
| Appearance |
metallic yellow
 |
| Standard atomic weight |
196.966569(4) g·mol−1 |
| Electron configuration |
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 |
| Electrons per shell |
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 |
| Physical properties |
| Phase |
solid |
| Density (near r.t.) |
19.3 g·cm−3 |
| Liquid density at m.p. |
17.31 g·cm−3 |
| Melting point |
1337.33 K
(1064.18 °C, 1947.52 °F) |
| Boiling point |
3129 K
(2856 °C, 5173 °F) |
| Heat of fusion |
12.55 kJ·mol−1 |
| Heat of vaporization |
324 kJ·mol−1 |
| Heat capacity |
(25 °C) 25.418 J·mol−1·K−1 |
Vapor pressure
| P(Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
| at T(K) |
1646 |
1814 |
2021 |
2281 |
2620 |
3078 |
|
| Atomic properties |
| Crystal structure |
cubic face centered |
| Oxidation states |
−1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
(amphoteric oxide) |
| Electronegativity |
2.54 (scale Pauling) |
| Ionization energies |
1st: 890.1 kJ/mol |
| 2nd: 1980 kJ/mol |
| Atomic radius |
135 pm |
| Atomic radius (calc.) |
174 pm |
| Covalent radius |
144 pm |
| Van der Waals radius |
166 pm |
| Miscellaneous |
| Magnetic ordering |
no data |
| Electrical resistivity |
(20 °C) 22.14 n Ω·m |
| Thermal conductivity |
(300 K) 318 W·m−1·K−1 |
| Thermal expansion |
(25 °C) 14.2 µm·m−1·K−1 |
| Speed of sound (thin rod) |
(r.t.) (hard-drawn)
2030 m·s−1 |
| Young's modulus |
78 GPa |
| Shear modulus |
27 GPa |
| Bulk modulus |
220 GPa |
| Poisson ratio |
0.44 |
| Mohs hardness |
2.5 |
| Vickers hardness |
216 MPa |
| Brinell hardness |
? 2450 MPa |
| CAS registry number |
7440-57-5 |
| Selected isotopes |
|
|
| References |
|
Gold Compounds
|
Source: Wikipedia article Gold
|
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Chemistry Quick Facts
