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Reference


Germanium
Chemical Properties & Compounds



Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Weight Melting Point Boiling Point Phase Density Classification
Ge 32 72.64 938.25 °C 2833 °C Solid 5.323 g/cm3 Semi-Metal


32 gallium ← germanium → arsenic
Si
↑
Ge
↓
Sn
General
Name, Symbol, Number germanium, Ge, 32
Chemical series metalloids
Group, Period, Block 14, 4, p
Appearance grayish white
Standard atomic weight 72.64(1)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 4
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 5.323  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 5.60  g·cm−3
Melting point 1211.40 K
(938.25 °C, 1720.85 °F)
Boiling point 3106 K
(2833 °C, 5131 °F)
Heat of fusion 36.94  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 334  kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 23.222  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 1644 1814 2023 2287 2633 3104
Atomic properties
Crystal structure Face-centered cubic
Oxidation states 4
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 2.01 (scale Pauling)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st:  762  kJ·mol−1
2nd:  1537.5  kJ·mol−1
3rd:  3302.1  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 125  pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 125  pm
Covalent radius 122  pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering no data
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 60.2  W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 6.0  µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 5400 m/s
Mohs hardness 6.0
CAS registry number 7440-56-4
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of germanium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
68Ge syn 270.8 d ε - 68Ga
70Ge 21.23% Ge is stable with 38 neutrons
71Ge syn 11.26 d ε - 71Ga
72Ge 27.66% Ge is stable with 40 neutrons
73Ge 7.73% Ge is stable with 41 neutrons
74Ge 35.94% Ge is stable with 42 neutrons
76Ge 7.44% 1.78×1021 y β-β- - 76Se
References
Germanium Compounds

Source: Wikipedia article Germanium


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