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Gallium
Chemical Properties & Compounds



Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Weight Melting Point Boiling Point Phase Density Classification
Ga 31 69.723 29.7646 °C 2204 °C Solid 5.91 g/cm3 Metal


31 zinc ← gallium → germanium
Al
↑
Ga
↓
In
General
Name, Symbol, Number gallium, Ga, 31
Chemical series poor metals
Group, Period, Block 13, 4, p
Appearance silvery white
Typical (melted blob) Crystallized
Standard atomic weight 69.723(1)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 3
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 5.91  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 6.095  g·cm−3
Melting point 302.9146 K
(29.7646 °C, 85.5763 °F)
Boiling point 2477 K
(2204 °C, 3999 °F)
Heat of fusion 5.59  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 254  kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 25.86  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 1310 1448 1620 1838 2125 2518
Atomic properties
Crystal structure orthorhombic
Oxidation states 3, 1
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 1.81 (scale Pauling)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st:  578.8  kJ·mol−1
2nd:  1979.3  kJ·mol−1
3rd:  2963  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 130  pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 136  pm
Covalent radius 126  pm
Van der Waals radius 187 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering no data
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 40.6  W·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 2740 m/s
Mohs hardness 1.5
Brinell hardness 60  MPa
CAS registry number 7440-55-3
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of gallium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
69Ga 60.11% Ga is stable with 38 neutrons
71Ga 39.89% Ga is stable with 40 neutrons
References
Gallium Compounds
Gallium antimonide
Gallium arsenide
Gallium nitride
Gallium phosphide

Source: Wikipedia article Gallium


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