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Reference


Gadolinium
Chemical Properties & Compounds



Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Weight Melting Point Boiling Point Phase Density Classification
Gd 64 157.25 1312 °C 3273 °C Solid 7.90 g/cm3 Metal


64 europium ← gadolinium → terbium
-
↑
Gd
↓
Cm
General
Name, Symbol, Number gadolinium, Gd, 64
Chemical series lanthanides
Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, f
Appearance silvery white
Standard atomic weight 157.25(3)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 7.90  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 7.4  g·cm−3
Melting point 1585 K
(1312 °C, 2394 °F)
Boiling point 3546 K
(3273 °C, 5923 °F)
Heat of fusion 10.05  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 301.3  kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 37.03  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure (calculated)
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 1836 2028 2267 2573 2976 3535
Atomic properties
Crystal structure hexagonal
Oxidation states 3
(mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity 1.20 (scale Pauling)
Ionization energies
(more)		 1st:  593.4  kJ·mol−1
2nd:  1170  kJ·mol−1
3rd:  1990  kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 180  pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 233  pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering ferromagnetic
Electrical resistivity (r.t.) (α, poly)
1.310 µΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 10.6  W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (100 °C) (α, poly)
9.4 µm/(m·K)
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 2680 m/s
Young's modulus (α form) 54.8  GPa
Shear modulus (α form) 21.8  GPa
Bulk modulus (α form) 37.9  GPa
Poisson ratio (α form) 0.259
Vickers hardness 570  MPa
CAS registry number 7440-54-2
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of gadolinium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
152Gd 0.20% 1.08×1014 y α 2.205 148Sm
154Gd 2.18% Gd is stable with 90 neutrons
155Gd 14.80% Gd is stable with 91 neutrons
156Gd 20.47% Gd is stable with 92 neutrons
157Gd 15.65% Gd is stable with 93 neutrons
158Gd 24.84% Gd is stable with 94 neutrons
160Gd 21.86% >1.3×1021y β-β- 1.7 160Dy
References
Gadolinium Compounds

Source: Wikipedia article Gadolinium


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