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Reference


Cadmium
Chemical Properties & Compounds



Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Weight Melting Point Boiling Point Phase Density Classification
Cd 48 112.411 321.07 °C 767 °C Solid 8.65 g/cm3 Metal Toxic Element


48 silver ← cadmium → indium
Zn
↑
Cd
↓
Hg
General
Name, Symbol, Number cadmium, Cd, 48
Chemical series transition metals
Group, Period, Block 12, 5, d
Appearance silvery gray metallic
Standard atomic weight 112.411(8)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration [Kr] 4d10 5s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 18, 2
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 8.65  g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 7.996  g·cm−3
Melting point 594.22 K
(321.07 °C, 609.93 °F)
Boiling point 1040 K
(767 °C, 1413 °F)
Heat of fusion 6.21  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 99.87  kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 26.020  J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 530 583 654 745 867 1040
Atomic properties
Crystal structure hexagonal
Oxidation states 2
(mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity 1.69 (scale Pauling)
Ionization energies 1st: 867.8 kJ/mol
2nd: 1631.4 kJ/mol
3rd: 3616 kJ/mol
Atomic radius 155  pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 161  pm
Covalent radius 148  pm
Van der Waals radius 158 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering no data
Electrical resistivity (22 °C) 72.7 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 96.6  W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 30.8  µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 2310 m/s
Young's modulus 50  GPa
Shear modulus 19  GPa
Bulk modulus 42  GPa
Poisson ratio 0.30
Mohs hardness 2.0
Brinell hardness 203  MPa
CAS registry number 7440-43-9
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of cadmium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
106Cd 1.25% >9.5×1017 y εε2ν - 106Pd
107Cd syn 6.5 h ε 1.417 107Ag
108Cd 0.89% >6.7×1017 y εε2ν - 108Pd
109Cd syn 462.6 d ε 0.214 109Ag
110Cd 12.49% Cd is stable with 62 neutrons
111Cd 12.8% Cd is stable with 63 neutrons
112Cd 24.13% Cd is stable with 64 neutrons
113Cd 12.22% 7.7×1015 y β- 0.316 113In
113mCd syn 14.1 y β- 0.580 113In
IT 0.264 113Cd
114Cd 28.73% >9.3×1017 y ββ2ν - 114Sn
115Cd syn 53.46 h β- 1.446 115In
116Cd 7.49% 2.9×1019 y ββ2ν - 116Sn
References
Cadmium Compounds

Source: Wikipedia article Cadmium


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Last updated: October 2007

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